Affect of Unemployment in Economy Essay

Unemployment (or joblessness) occurs when people are without work and actively seeking work. The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force. During periods of recession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate.[2] According to International Labour Organization report, more than 197 million people globally are out of work or 6% of the world’s workforce were without a job in 2012. There remains considerable theoretical debate regarding the causes, consequences and solutions for unemployment. Classical economics, New classical economics, and the Austrian School of economics argue that market mechanisms are reliable means of resolving unemployment. These theories argue against interventions imposed on the labor market from the outside, such as unionization, bureaucratic work rules, minimum wage laws, taxes, and other regulations that they claim discourage the hiring of workers. How does unemployment affect the economy? Some of the well-known effects of unemployment on the economy are: Unemployment financial costs The government and the nation suffer. In many countries the government has to pay the unemployed some benefits. The greater the number of the unemployed or the longer they are without work the more money the government has to shell out. Therefore, the nation not only has to deal with the lost income and decreased production but also with additional cost. Spending power The spending power of an unemployed person and his/her family decreases drastically and they would rather save than spend their money, which in turn affects the economy adversely. Reduced spending power of the employed Increased taxes and the insecurity about their own work may affect the spending power of the working people as well and they too may start to spend less than before thus affecting the economy and also the society in a negative manner. Recession With the increase rates of unemployment other economy factors are significantly affected, such as: the income per person, health costs, quality of health-care, standard of leaving and poverty. All these affect not just the economy but the entire systems and the society in general. Here are some aspects of the impact of unemployment on our society: The effect of unemployment on our society Unemployment affects not just the person himself but also his/her family and in the long run the society where he lives. Unemployment brings with it despair, unhappiness and anguish. It forces people to live their lives in a way they do not wish to – The life expectancy is negatively affected. Life expectancy is the ease by which people living in a time/place are able to satisfy their needs/wants. Here are the main aspects: 1. Mental health: Mental health problems like: Law self-confidence, feeling unworthy, depression and hopelessness. With the lost income and the frustration involved in it, the recently unemployed may develop negative attitudes toward common things in life and may feel that all sense of purpose is lost. Frequent emotions could be – low self-esteem, inadequateness and feeling dejected and hopeless. 2. Health diseases: The unemployment overall tension can increase dramatically general health issues of individuals. 3. Tension at home: Quarrels and arguments at home front which may lead to tension and increased numbers of divorces etc. 4. Political issues: Loss of trust in administration and the government which may lead to political instability 5. Tension over taxes rise: Unemployment also brings up discontent and frustration amongst the tax paying citizens. In order to meet the demands of the unemployment fund the government many a times may have to increase the taxes thus giving way to restlessness amongst the tax paying citizens. 6. Insecurity amongst employees: The prevailing unemployment and the plight of the unemployed people and their families may create fear and insecurity even in the currently employed people. 7. Crime and violence: Increase in the rate of crime. 8. Suicide cases: Increase in the rate of suicide attempts and actual suicides as well. 9. Social outing: Unemployment may bring a decrease in social outings and interactions with other people, including friends. 10. Stigma: Unemployment brings with more than just ‘no work’. It also brings with it the disgrace that the person has to bear. Nobody likes to be termed as unemployed. 11. Standard of leaving: In times of unemployment the competition for jobs and the negotiation power of the individual decreases and thus also the living standard of people with the salaries packages and income reduced. 12. Employment gaps: To further complicate the situation the longer the individual is out of job the more difficult it becomes to find one. Employers find employment gasps as a negative aspect. No one wants to hire a person who has been out of work for some time even when there’s no fault of the individual per say. 13. Lose of skills’ usage: The unemployed is not able to put his/her skills to use. And in a situation where it goes on for too long the person may have to lose some of his/her skills Benefits The primary benefit of unemployment is that people are available for hire, without being headhunted away from their existing employers. This permits new and old businesses to take on staff. Unemployment is argued[citation needed] to be â€Å"beneficial† to the people who are not unemployed in the sense that it averts inflation, which itself has damaging effects, by providing (in Marxian terms) a reserve army of labour, that keeps wages in check. However the direct connection between full local employment and local inflation has been disputed by some due to the recent increase in international trade that supplies low-priced goods even while local employment rates rise to full employment. Full employment cannot be achieved because workers would shirk if they were not threatened with the possibility of unemployment. The curve for the no-shirking condition (labeled NSC) goes to infinity at full employment as a result. The inflation-fighting benefits to the entire economy arising from a presumed optimum level of unemployment has been studied extensively. The Shapiro-Stiglitz model suggests that wages are not bid down sufficiently to ever reach 0% unemployment. This occurs because employers know that when wages decrease, workers will shirk and expend less effort. Employers avoid shirking by preventing wages from decreasing so low that workers give up and become unproductive. These higher wages perpetuate unemployment while the threat of unemployment reduces shirking. Before current levels of world trade were developed, unemployment was demonstrated to reduce inflation, following the Phillips curve, or to decelerate inflation, following the NAIRU/natural rate of unemployment theory, since it is relatively easy to seek a new job without losing one’s current one. And when more jobs are available for fewer workers (lower unemployment), it may allow workers to find the jobs that better fit their tastes, talents, and needs. As in the Marxian theory of unemployment, special interests may also benefit: some employers may expect that employees with no fear of losing their jobs will not work as hard, or will demand increased wages and benefit. According to this theory, unemployment may promote general labour productivity and profitability by increasing employers’ rationale for their monopsony-like power (and profits). Optimal unemployment has also been defended as an environmental tool to brake the constantly accelerated growth of the GDP to maintain levels sustainable in the context of resource constraints and environmental impacts. However the tool of denying jobs to willing workers seems a blunt instrument for conserving resources and the environment — it reduces the consumption of the unemployed across the board, and only in the short term. Full employment of the unemployed workforce, all focused toward the goal of developing more environmentally efficient methods for production and consumption might provide a more significant and lasting cumulative environmental benefit and reduced resource consumption . If so the future economy and workforce would benefit from the resultant structural increases in the sustainable level of GDP growth. Some critics of the â€Å"culture of work† such as anarchist Bob Black see employment as overemphasized culturally in modern countries. Such critics often propose quitting jobs when possible, working less, reassessing the cost of living to this end, creation of jobs which are â€Å"fun† as opposed to â€Å"work,† and creating cultural norms where work is seen as unhealthy.

Heart of Darkness Active Reading Guide

Conrad1. * Fifteen days after leaving the outer station Marlow â€Å"hobble[s] into the Central Station†, which was being run by â€Å"the flabby devil†, referring to the greed of the Europeans. There he finds out that his ship had been sunk when they tried to take off before he got there. He also meets the manager of the Central Station who is only employed because he never gets sick, and the brick maker who doesn’t actually make any bricks. He overhears a conversation between the manager and his uncle, who is leading the â€Å"Eldorado Exploring Expedition† that passes through the station.They are talking about Mr. Kurtz. This all occurs two months before they reach Kurtz’s station. * Marlow then takes off in his newly repaired boat (Conrad 21). Fifty miles before Marlow reaches the Inner Station where Kurtz is, he comes across a hut on the side of the river. They approach and see a sign on a pile of wood that says â€Å"Wood for you. Hurry Up. A pproach Cautiously†. Then inside a hut, Marlow finds a book entitled An Inquiry into some Points of Seamanship inside of which are notes written in what Marlow says â€Å"looked like cipher† (38). Eight miles before Marlow and his crew reach Kurtz they get stuck in a heavy fog, and are unable to move for quite a bit of time. Then once the fog lifts they are able to proceed, but find themselves stuck once again one and a half miles before reaching Kurtz. Here they are attacked by the natives. They blow the whistle on the boat and the natives are scared away (47). * Finally, Marlow reaches the Inner Station. The first person that he meets is the Russian/Harlequin, who idolizes Kurtz. He then meets Kurtz who is taken aboard the steam boat. Kurtz dies aboard the steamboat, and Marlow returns to Europe. In Brussells, Marlow goes to visit Kurtz’s intended. She is distraught over Kurtz’s death, so Marlow lies to her about the reality of what really happened, sayi ng Kurtz was a good and honorable man (75-79). 2. * While Marlow is in the Central Station, page 23, he is required to repair his ship which had sunk before he reached the Station. Marlow says: I went to work the next day, turning, so to speak, my back on that station. In that way only could I keep my hold on the redeeming facts of life. Still, one must look about sometimes; and then I saw this station, these men strolling aimlessly about in the sunshine of the yard.In this passage, when Marlow states he is turning his â€Å"back on [the] station† he is referring to the lack of work that goes on at the Central Station, and how his hard work repairing his steam boat looks in contrast. When he says that work allows him to â€Å"keep [his] hold on the redeeming facts of life† it lets the reader know that he values work, and thinks it encourages people to become better. * Still at the Central Station, Marlow makes another comment on the work ethic of the Europeans who are at the station saying that their pretending to work was as unreal as everything else—as the philanthropic pretence of the whole concern, as their talk, as their government, as their show of work†¦They intrigued and slandered and hated each other only on that account—but as to effectually lifting a little finger—oh no† (25). His sarcastic tone toward the end of the excerpt, shows that he views their refusal to work as silly and ridiculous. The way he can so easily see through their pretence also shows how little effort they put into everything in the Congo, because they are driven by greed, and greed alone. When Marlow comes across the book in the hut on the side of the river he exclaims that it was â€Å"not a very enthralling book; but at the first glance you could see there a singleness of intention, an honest concern for the right way of going to work, which made these humble pages, thought out so many years ago, luminous with another than a profe ssional light† (39). The fact that Marlow is so impressed by the book because it appreciates hard, honest work, shows what an anomaly this outlook is down in the Congo. Marlow appreciates the book so much because the book lines up with his same views on work. On page 18, when Marlow is talking to the Chief Accountant, the Accountant mentions how he is able to keep such clean clothes saying I’ve been teaching one of the native women about the station. It was difficult. She had a distaste for the work. This is more representative of the European’s view of work than of Marlow’s. The Europeans believe that work is something for slaves and people who aren’t as privileged as they are. Overall, Marlow believes that work is highly beneficial to a person. When someone works, they are kept sane, and are kept honest.Not only are they more sensible, and productive, it makes one a better person in the long run, unlike the ridiculous Europeans overcome by greed a nd laziness. 3. * One reference to futility in the novel occurs after a fire starts in the Central Station. The people in the camp are rushing to put it out, and as one of them ran past Marlow he notices â€Å"there was a hole in the bottom of his pail† (24). This shows how ineffective much of what the Europeans were doing, as a pail with a hole is not able to transport nearly as much water as an intact bucket.This also shows how ignorant the Europeans are about matters in the Congo as the man holding the bucket is not aware of the hole in it, even though that detail is so vital to his plight. * When Marlow needs to fix his ship, he only needs one material to fix it, which would be rivets. However, there are none to be found at the Central Station. Marlow says that at the Outer station, â€Å"You could fill your pockets with rivets for the trouble of stooping down†, but â€Å"there wasn’t one rivet to be found where it was wanted†.This example shows yet a gain the ignorance of the Europeans. They have an ample amount of something that is quite unnecessary in one place, but are blind to the needs of those in other places. Just like they have an ample amount of people digging for ivory in the Congo, but they pay no attention to the needs of the natives. * Only 8 miles from the inner station, Marlow and his ship get trapped in the fog. Marlow has a conversation with his manager: â€Å"[The manager] muttered something about going on at once, I did not even take the trouble to answer him.I knew, and he knew, that it was impossible†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢I authorise you to take all the risks,’ he said, after a short silence. ‘I refuse to take any,’ I said shortly; which was just the answer he expected† (43). This conversation is an excellent example of futility, because the conversation is merely for show. There was no actual reason for the conversation to take place, because the conclusion had already been arrived at. Th is is similar to when Marlow sees the men blowing up parts of the cliff to build a train track, even though the cliff was not in the way (16). 4.When Marlow first comes to the Inner Station he describes it by saying, â€Å"Through my glasses I saw the slope of a hill interspersed with rare trees and perfectly free from undergrowth. A long decaying building on the summit was half buried in the high grass; the large holes in the peaked roof gaped black from afar; the jungle and the woods made a background. There was no enclosure or fence of any kind; but there had been one apparently, for near the house half a dozen slim posts remained in a row, roughly trimmed, and with their upper ends ornamented with round carved balls.The rails, or whatever there had been between, had disappeared. Of course the forest surrounded all that. The river-bank was clear, and on the water side I saw a white man under a hat like a cart-wheel beckoning persistently with his whole arm. Examining the edge of the forest above and below, I was almost certain I could see movements—human forms gliding here and there. I steamed past prudently, then stopped the engines and let her drift down. The man on the shore began to shout, urging us to land. ‘We have been attacked,’ screamed the manager. ‘I know—I know. It’s all right. yelled back the other, as cheerful as you please. ‘Come along. It’s all right. I am glad. ’ His aspect reminded me of something I had seen—something funny I had seen somewhere. As I maneuvered to get alongside, I was asking myself, ‘What does this fellow look like? ’ Suddenly I got it. He looked like a harlequin† (53). And then later states, â€Å"You remember I told you I had been struck at the distance by certain attempts at ornamentation, rather remarkable in the ruinous aspect of the place. Now I had suddenly a nearer view, and its first result was to make me throw my head back as if before a blow.Then I went carefully from post to post with my glass, and I saw my mistake†¦I had expected to see a knob of wood there, you know. I returned deliberately to the fist I had seen—and there it was, black, dried, sunken, with closed eyelids—a head that seemed to sleep at the top of that pole, and with the shrunken dry lips showing a narrow white line of teeth, was smiling too, smiling continuously at some endless and jocose dream of that eternal slumber† (58). This passage shows excellent impressionistic style, because of the unreliability of the narrator.The scene is described exactly as it first appeared to Marlow. He first sees the heads on the poles, and thinks that they are knobs of wood so instead of saying, â€Å"I saw something on the poles that I later found out were human heads†, Conrad allows the reader to believe that they are indeed, only knobs of wood, for as long as Marlow believes that they are knobs of wood. It is also s hown in the slightly erratic narration, which doesn’t follow an exact order, but instead jumps around wherever Marlow’s mind happens to be at that exact moment in time.Another clue, would be Conrad’s use of commas. Impressionist writers tend to use a wide variety of commas, which some believe are also symbolic of the short brush strokes of impressionistic painters. 5. Kurtz shows interest in two very different women in the novel. The first we are introduced to is his native lover. she is described as being â€Å"savage and superb, wild-eyed and magnificent; there was something ominous and stately in her† (62). This woman is powerful and wearing â€Å"the value of several elephant tusks upon her†.She shows her emotions openly, but does not allow weakness to show through. Kurtz’s intended on the other hand is described as having â€Å"a mature capacity for fidelity, for belief for suffering†¦This fair hair, this pale visage, this pure br ow, seemed surrounded by an ashy halo from which the dark eyes looked out at me† (76). The intended is more meek, and full of suffering. She claims that she is the only one who understood Kurtz, and Marlow feels the need to protect her from the truth.With the native lover, one of the men onboard says that he would have shot her if she had intended to board the boat. One of the women inspires fear, while the other inspires pity. But they are both very similar in their fierce loyalty to the man they love, Mr. Kurtz. 6. * The first motif that I noticed was that of the â€Å"savages†. They are often referred to by names which are not usually used to describe a human, because they were not thought to be human the way the Europeans were thought of as human.The first example that I found was on page 6 when Marlow is describing what his occupation includes, â€Å"Sandbanks, marshes, forests, savages—precious little to eat fit for a civilized man†, which implies th at he believes that food that the natives find acceptable, wouldn’t be good enough for him, because he is better than the natives. The second example was on page sixteen when Marlow describes the faces of the chain gang that walks past him saying, â€Å"They passed me within six inches, without a glance, with that complete, deathlike indifference of unhappy savages. This shows the way they group all of the â€Å"savages† into one conglomerate mass, saying there is no difference between one of them, and the next. The third example was one page eighteen. Marlow walks through a group of dying natives, and picks out one in particular. â€Å"While I stood, horror-struck, one of these creatures rose to his hands and knees and went on all-fours towards the river to drink†. This sentence doesn’t refer to the native as something resembling a human. The words â€Å"creatures†, â€Å"hands and knees† and â€Å"all-fours† are phrases that are on ly used to describe animals, which reflects on the European opinion of African natives.The fourth example was a comment made by the Chief Accountant when he has a sick native recuperating inside his â€Å"office†. â€Å"When one has got to make correct entries, one comes to hate those savages—hate them to the death†. This comment puts his work, and his accounting, over the well being of human beings. Meaning he values the lives of the natives less than he values his work. The last example was on page 24 when Marlow talks of viewing the man who was beaten, when a fire starts in the Central Station.He says, â€Å"A nigger was being beaten nearby. They said he had caused the fire in some way; be that as it may, he was screeching most horribly. I saw him, later, for several days, sitting in a bit of shade looking very sick and trying to recover himself: afterwards he arose and went out—and the wilderness without a sound took him into its bosom again†. This shows the treatment of the â€Å"savages†. The fire obviously started for absolutely no reason, but still they insist on blaming the fire on the native, rather than on one of their own. The second motif that I chose, was that of the jungle. The jungle is obviously a main part of the story, because most of the land around the Congo River is jungle. The first instance that I found was on page six of the novel Marlow says â€Å"all that mysterious life of the wilderness that stirs in the forest, in the jungles, in the hearts of wild men. † The jungle is often referred to as wilderness, which is a good example of what it represents. The jungle is the wild aspects of the world, and the uncivilized parts of the earth. he second example was on page 23. Marlow speaks of the difference between the station and the surrounding area, â€Å"And outside, the silent wilderness surrounding this cleared speck on the earth struck me as something great and invincible, like evil or truth, waiting patiently for the passing away of this fantastic invasion. † This quote is interesting, because Marlow speaks of the Europeans in the Congo as an â€Å"invasion†. Meaning, the forest is a separate entity, and is not just there for the Europeans to take as they please.The third example is on page 24, when Marlow is talking about the native that was beat for the fire he says â€Å"the wilderness without a sound took him into its bosom again†. This shows that the wilderness is only cruel to those that aren’t used to it, meaning the Europeans. it is a kind home to the natives just as Europe is a kind home to the Europeans. The fourth example was page 27 where Marlow says, â€Å"Could we handle that dumb thing, or would it handle us? I felt how big, how confoundedly big, was that thing that couldn’t talk and perhaps was deaf as well†.Marlow usually describes the forest as being silent, which is usually associated with a sense of for eboding. This shows the unknown threats and dangers that can be found in the jungle. The last example was on page 33 where Marlow describes the silence again saying â€Å"The high stillness confronted these two figures with its ominous patience, waiting for the passing away of a fantastic invasion†. * The third motif that I chose was the river. This is the most integral part of the story, because it is the primary mode of transportation.On page five he asks, â€Å"What greatness had not floated on the ebb of that river into the mystery of an unkown earth! † The river is a connection between civilization and wilderness, ancient times, and modern. The second example is on page 14 where he says, â€Å"Nature herself had tried to ward off intruders; in and out of rivers, streams of death in life, whose banks were rotting into mud, whose waters, thickened into slime, invaded the contorted mangroves, that seemed to writhe at us in the extremity of an impotent despair† . Here he is describing the rivers as the embodiment of the suffering the Europeans are causing.The third example is spoken by the unknown narrator who describes listening to Marlow, â€Å"I listened on the watch for the sentence, for the word, that would give me the clue to the faint uneasiness inspired by this narrative that seemed to shape itself without human lips in the heavy night-air of the river†. Here he uses personification, by saying that the river itself was actually the one telling Marlow’s story. The fourth example is on page 34 when he says â€Å"Going up that river was like travelling back to the earliest beginnings of the world, when vegetation rioted on the earth, and the big trees were kings. This again shows the connecting power of the river from ancient times to modern. The last example was on page 35 where Marlow says, â€Å"The reaches opened before us and closed behind, as if the forest had stepped leisurely across the water to bar the way for our return†. He views the river as a one way path into â€Å"the heart of darkness†. 7. * The first example of assumptions made in the book would be Marlow’s interaction with his Aunt. Because his Aunt has only heard what the companies are telling the world, she believes that the sole purpose of expeditions to Africa is to civilize the â€Å"brutes† who live there.This is, in her mind, a worth while undertaking, so she praises Marlow for his decision. However, if she had actually understood that the reason that the Europeans were in the Congo was to destroy the country in their search for ivory, and mistreat the natives, then her reaction, may not have been as kind. * The second example would be the first interactions between Marlow and the brick maker in the Central Station. Because the brick maker believes that Marlow has connections with officials who are high up in the company, the brick maker is extremely nice to Marlow and immediately attempts to be friend him.He only does this, because he assumed that being friends with Marlow would allow him to get a boost in his standing with the company. * The third example would be the interaction between Marlow and Kurtz’s intended. Marlow who has quite a misogynistic view of women says, â€Å"It’s queer how out of touch with truth women are. They live in a world of their own, and there had never been anything like it, and never can be. It is too beautiful altogether, and if they were to set it up it would go to pieces before the first sunset. Because he has this preconceived notion of women being so fragile, he acts cautiously when he meets Kurtz’s intended, and eventually, this preconceived notion causes him to lie to her about exactly the kind of man that Kurtz really is. 8. â€Å"The horror† that Mr. Kurtz refers to would partially be his involvement in the European presence in the Congo. Unlike the other managers of stations, Kurtz is not completely detat ched from the natives. He gets to know them on a personal level, until they idolize him as a God, and I believe that eventually he began to feel remorse for the way that he was using them.He could never have a real, true relationship with them, because he still had to report to a company, so the main basis of their relationship would always be extortion. Kurtz eventually realized how wrong this was, but at that point he was so involved that there was no way he could reverse the damage he had done there. I feel that he was also, in his last dying breath, attempting to continue the legacy that he had managed to build for himself. Throughout the entire book it seems as if people idolize him for his speeches, but are never able to give real substance for why he is this fantastically, amazing person they describe him to be.This would be a great example. No one will ever be able to explain exactly what â€Å"The horror! The horror! † refers to, but the words are just haunting enoug h that Marlow will never be able to go a day without contemplating what they could possibly mean. In this way, Kurtz is ensuring that his legacy will live on. 9. I believe that the frame structure is very important, because it gives credibility, and a sense of meaning to the story. A story being relayed by the person who experienced it may or may not be interesting or of extreme importance.But, because Conrad chose to have another narrator relaying Marlow’s story, it shows that Marlow was not the only one who thought that the story was worth hearing. It lends that the narrator heard the story from Marlow, and decided it was worth while enough that other people besides those that heard it from Marlow, should hear the story. It also allows Conrad to skip over the least important parts of the story, and only leave those details that are crucial to the story line. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph, and Robert Kimbrough. Heart of Darkness: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Sources, Essays in Criticism. New York: Norton, 1971. Print.

Effects Of The Hidden Internet On The Digital Age

The Dark Web: The Effects of the Hidden Internet on the Digital Age In the late 1990’s, the internet became a staple of society, a new â€Å"fad† that became integrated into modern culture. As more and more information was uploaded to this repository, data hubs formed, often around illegal materials such as copies of music and movie files. In 2001, a man named Ian Clarke revolutionized the internet by introducing â€Å"Freenet,† a service that allowed for anonymous access to the darkest reaches of the web, filled with illegal files that encompassed everything from movie torrents to child porn. (McCormick N.P.) With the creation of Freenet, Clarke changed the world by giving internet users access to the forbidden depths of the internet now dubbed the Dark Web. The dark Web is a mysterious domain, known by a surprisingly few number of internet users, but it harbors massive amounts of information, estimates include over 75,000 terabytes of data, in fact, including numerous social networking sites, forums, markets, and other internet applications. (Bergman N.P.) It also provides a very powerful feature that may be harnessed for good or for evil: anonymity. By using services to access the hidden web, such as the Tor web browser, an internet user can completely hide his or her identity while participating in a number of online activities. Anonymity may be beneficial by providing a cushion for individuals to untraceably unite over taboo issues or even by establishing contact betweenShow MoreRelatedThe 21St Century Is Often Referred To As The Digital Age.1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe 21st century is often referred to as the digital age. 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Only â€Å" 13% of U.S. adults do not use the internet,† according to a new Pew Research Center analysis of survey data (Anderson Perrin, 2016). With so many people using this is not surprising that technology is beginning to affect different age groups. Technology overuse causes developmental setbacks in children, self image issues in teens, and health concerns within adults. Things now days are a lot different then they were

The Impact of Media on Teens - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1233 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? In 1997, Six Degree was documented to be the first media site. Now there are over a million social media sites available for those in the United States and out. Social media has its development. Social media has become a hefty part of a childs life due to the advancement of technology. If a child continues to partake in high dosage of social media, he/she will be affected socially and cognitively. Before we discuss the positive and negative effects, lets do some math. 3 Billion People Are Now Using Internet, 93% Of Teens Are Active Users (60%-70% Daily), 75% Of Teens Own A Cellphone, 22% Of Teens Check Their Site More Than 10 Times A Day, 24% Teen Have Hack into Someones Account, 13% Teens Have Posted or Sent Nudes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact of Media on Teens" essay for you Create order Online web-based life has increased shocking overall development and fame which has prompted drawing in consideration from assortment of analysts internationally. In spite of the fact that with time all ages have come to grasp the progressions informal organization has realized, youngsters and youthful grown-ups are the most fan clients of these destinations. As indicated by different research thinks about in the field of online interpersonal organizations, it has been uncovered that these destinations are affecting the lives of the young extraordinarily. When utilizing these destinations, for example, Twitter, Facebook or MySpace, there are both positive and negative impacts on the young. While on one hand interpersonal organization locales appears to unite individuals and associated then again it makes social separation with respect to BBC News report. As the young will in general spend numerous hours on these locales, they once in a while have eye to eye connection. Agreeing different investigations, researchers assessment confirmed that social disconnection can prompt a large group of passionate, mental, physical and mental issues which incorporate nervousness, gloom and substantial protestations among numerous others. Other contrary impacts of person to person communication different individuals proposed included empowering poor spelling and syntax, presenting underage to online predators, permitting spread of falsehood that is seen as actuality, diminishing profitability as the individuals who should work invest energy in the locales to visit, give an ideal stage to digital harassing and giving subtleties that expansion dangers of data fraud. Numerous guardians stress over how introduction to innovation may influence babies formatively. We realize our preschoolers are getting new social and psychological aptitudes at a shocking pace, and we dont need hours spent stuck to an iPad to obstruct that. In any case, puberty is a similarly imperative time of fast improvement, and excessively few of us are focusing on how our adolescents utilization of innovation substantially more extreme and closer than a 3-year-old playing with parents iPhone is influencing them. If a child is constancy engaged in technology, he/she is ruining their cognitive and social development. Technology can ruin a child cognitively because the child or children arent entertained by educational information. Nine times out of ten a child is participating in non-educational activities such as using social media or playing violent video games. If a child is constantly exposed to non-educational activities, he/ she will not receive the correct amount of knowledge in order to develop in life. The more time a child spends on social media the less time they spend reading a book, learning new vocabulary, doing homework, or even learning a new concept. Teenagers spend over 80% of their time on social media, thats also including their time at school. How can a child learn and develop their knowledge cognitively if theyre not paying attention to the information given? One may ask how investing all that energy in the web-based social networking destinations may positively affect them. Indeed, online networking helps the young and some other users refresh with what is going on around the globe, enable the youngsters to remain associated and interface with each other regardless of the possibility that they are numerous miles away. This fortifies their relationship regardless of the possibility that they completed school and moved to various areas they remain associated and refresh each other. Likewise, online networking has given a stage whereby the young can make gatherings and pages in view of their regular teaching and wind up building associations and open doors for their professions by refreshing different points to talk about. While on one hand informal organization destinations appears to unite individuals and associated then again it makes social separation as to BBC News report. As teens tend to spend numerous hours on these websites, they occasionally have eye to eye communication. Spending too much time on these sites can be dangerous as frequently because of political occasions the world over express and savage symbolism get appeared on the exchange strings. Frequently it is extremely hard to direct such substance because of its viral nature. This may negatively affect the psyches of the kids, driving them to have a twisted perspective of the world. Concurring different examinations, researchers assessment discovered that social separation can prompt a large group of passionate, mental, physical and mental issues which incorporate tension, despondency and substantial objections among numerous others. The present young people are presented to pictures and statuses that depict flawlessness. Online life locales, for example, Facebook and Instagram tend to feature admired body-types through pictures that have been cosmetically adjusted, and accordingly set implausible and unattainable magnificence principles for youthful kids whose bodies are experiencing wild change. Other contrary impacts of informal communication different individuals recommended included empowering poor spelling and linguistic use, presenting underage to online predators, permitting spread of falsehood that is seen as actuality, diminishing profitability as the individuals who should work invest energy in the destinations to talk, give an ideal stage to digital tormenting and giving subtle elements that expansion dangers of wholesale fraud. Kids investing excessive energy online may consider a virtual connection substitute for a genuine one. Creating social aptitudes encourages young people to set up and look after companionships. Because of the way that youngsters and kids invest a ton of energy connecting over online networking locales and applications, a considerable lot of them are setting up social collaboration aptitudes that dont really apply to the disconnected world. While, obviously, online networking can sustain and fortify existing connections, its indispensable that youngsters likewise figure out how to have significant, up close and personal trades with individuals. Being socially secluded is a noteworthy hazard factor for both wretchedness and suicide. With young people presently investing more energy on the web and less time collaborating with individuals in reality, they hazard attempting to create compelling social aptitudes as well as inclining themselves to psychological well-being issues. Mental specialists caution that web-based social networking destinations can have passionate ramifications for kids who are as of now experiencing low confidence or certainty. Such youngsters may judge their prosperity by the quantity of companions they have on the Facebook or if they are incorporated into a gathering of individuals. This may prompt further diminishing of their certainty. By investing more energy online, they frequently disregard the significance and the fitting conduct identified with eye to eye contact. Hence, the arrangement of relational aptitudes that are fundamental for the accomplishment in the genuine may not grow legitimately. In conclusion, social media can have either a positive or negative impact on youth and young adults, it all just depends on how you use it, how much you use it and what youre using it for.

Hamlet Themes of Morality, Revenge, and Obsession

Hamlet: Themes of mortality, revenge, and obsession. Mortality, revenge and obsession remain very apparent throughout Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Though every character has faced challenges and trying times of their own, it is very apparent that Shakespeare’s theme of mortality is indeed intended. From the wake of Hamlet’s Father’s death to the downfall of King Claudius, readers experience complexities and intricacy through matters of life and death which allow them to understand the mind of those affected in the play. Hamlet remains seemingly depressed throughout the play. Though almost every character is plagued with the dreaded disease, the causes of Hamlets depression is due to the fact that his father is deceased and his uncle’s hasty marriage with Gertrude, hamlets mother. Though Hamlet is considered as very dramatic throughout the play, it is evident that Hamlet is in a constant battle with his mind. This is apparent in the opening phrase of his first and vital soliloquy in the nunnery scene. Hamlet experiences trying thoughts of suicide, he expresses himself through this soliloquy by questioning life and if it’s worth living despite all the pain and suffering that he’s enduring. Hamlet eventually believes that dying wouldn’t be so bad unless it’s anything like dreaming. The uncertainty of what comes after death is what terrifies Hamlet into having second thoughts on killing himself. Having just witnessed the appearance of the recently deceased king of Denm ark, MarcellusShow MoreRelatedThe Human Condition and Ideologies in Hamlet by Willliam Shakespeare1522 Words   |  7 Pages Hamlet Texts reflect their context and paradigms but transcendental texts that explore aspects of humanity can resonate through time and remain relevant and accessible to audiences. 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Hamlet is open to a myriad of interpretations by a wide range of audiences which may transform throughout the examination of the play and thereby compels the viewer to reflect on its various aspects. Hamlet’s character, the nature of his madnessRead MoreHamlet as So Much More Than a Traditional Revenge Tragedy Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesHamlet as So Much More Than a Traditional Revenge Tragedy Although Shakespeare wrote Hamlet closely following the conventions of a traditional revenge tragedy, he goes far beyond this form in his development of Hamlets character. Shakespeares exploration of Hamlets complex thoughts and emotions is perhaps more the focus of the play rather than that of revenge, thus in Hamlet Shakespeare greatly develops and enhances the form of the traditional revenge tragedy. Read MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1454 Words   |  6 PagesMaya Mogensen Shakespeare Professor Lowell Pratt 22 April 2016 Evil In the play, Hamlet, William Shakespeare utilizes power and revenge to contribute to the major theme of evil or â€Å"rottenness† in the play. Shakespeare shows the audience how the lust for power leads to a manifestation of evil that corrupts humankind to do terrible and wicked things. Claudius, out of resentment and lust for his brother’s power and the people and things that come with it, in essence, Queen Gertrude and the Kingdom ofRead MoreRevenge Is A Dish Best Served Cold Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesAuthor Pierre Choderlos writes, â€Å"revenge is a dish best served cold.† This quote is renown for its popularity across the centuries, often used as a proverbial description of the idea of revenge. Vengeance itself is a popular issue of morality, discussed and portrayed in a multitude of manners throughout literature, film, and live theater. 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The core comparison that springs to mind between these two plays, Othello and Hamlet, is that these are both tragedies driven by character. That is to say, they all follow classically great men from great heights to terrible ends and deaths. Each man is in a situation where he is especially vulnerable. If these men swapped places, theyRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesmagic. A mention of the obscurity with which the ancients clothed this scheme is made the occasion for a consideration of both the superficial and the essential nature of knowledge and of the mode of study (pp. 50-51). Chapter 7 takes up again for its theme the great chain of being, the author’s ideas on which cannot yet be given their correct place in the history of Neo-Platonic thought. He then reverts in greater detail to the concept of Hyle, and its place in the chain, the discussion of such theoretic alRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganizational theory challenges the relationship between individuals, groups and the organization through bureaucracy and hierarchy The virtuous bureaucracy Modernist themes in organizational design Modernist bureaucracy as a key challenge to organization design Contingency theory and organization design Organization culture as a key theme in organization theory The modernist tradition in organization culture Conclusions: does modernist organization theory still provide challenges for new visions of

Enterprise Risk Management to Controls †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Enterprise Risk Management to Controls. Answer: Introduction: In the given case Barnett v Harris Scarfe Australia Pty Ltd [2007], the people who had a fundamental role to play were the operator of the trolley and the management of the company. According to section 5 of the Work Health and Safety Act 2012 (SA) (WHS), a person who conducts an undertaking or a business alone or with others shall be considered as a person conducting a business or an undertaking under this Act (Work and Health Safety Act (SA) 2012). As per section 7 of the Act, the term worker includes an employee, contractor or subcontractor, a trainee, student gaining work experience or a volunteer (Xiang et al. 2014). The person who is responsible for conducting business or undertaking is also considered as a worker if such person carries out any work in the undertaking or business as an individual. As per section 18 of the Act, the employers and the employee or the operator in this case, had been imposed with the duties to ensure health and safety within the workplace. They are responsible for ensuring such health and safety that was reasonable for them to exercise at any particular time (Chmiel et al. 2017). According to section 20 of the Act, persons who are responsible for control or management of a Harris Scarfe Australia, are obligated to ensure health and safety of the workplace (Work and Health Safety Act (SA) 2012). It is the responsibility of the persons and management to ensure that the means of exiting and entering the workplace or anything arising from the workplace must not result in risks with respect to the safety and health of any person as far as it is practicable for them to do the same. The management is not only responsible for ensuring safety and health of the employees or the workers of the organization but is also accountable for injuries that might result from anything that arises from the workplace (Cooper and Quick 2017). According to section 28 of the Act, a worker is required to take reasonable care for his own safety and health care. The operator was also responsible for ensuring the health and safety of the other persons within the workplace including the customers who were present within the workplace. The worker should ensure that his conduct or omission does not have any adverse impact on the health and safety of other persons within the workplace by complying with the reasonable policy and procedures of the organization that is applicable for the workers. According to section 29 of the Act, the other persons who are not conferred with any duty within the workplace must also take reasonable care to ensure his or her own health and safety and prohibit from conducting in a way that may have an adverse impact upon the other persons (Shea et al. 2016). Essential elements of the WHS Management system A system which deals with the various management activities such as organizational structure, responsibilities, planning activities, resources and processes that are used to develop and implement, review and maintain the OHS [WHS] policy is known as the OHS WHS Management System. The management system aims at improving the WHS performance by entailing practices, processes and activities that are in compliance with the law. The OHS management system is in compliance with the AS/NZS 4804 that provides performance standards for the systems, supporting and principle techniques. The most essential elements that must be present in the management system include the following: Commitment and policy- an organization must define its WHS policy and commit sufficient resources ensuring the success of management system; planning- an effective planning that addresses the resources and responsibilities required to achieve the policy objectives and statement; implementation- an effective implementation of the planned mechanisms to attain the policy objectives of the organization; Measurement and assessment- the use of performance indicators is useful in monitoring reviewing and evaluating the performance of the organization in accordance with the objectives, policy and targets. It is also important to implement corrective action and to identify the improvement. review and improvement of the management systems- the organization must review and strive to make continuous improvements in the organizational strategies; In the given case, the Logistics Manager of Harris Scarfes confessed that there were no procedures and effective polices with respect to stock handling and the movement procedure of the same. The organization lacked proper planning with respect to the policies and commitments to ensure performance of the organization (Baum 2016). The organization did not focus on implementing effective mechanism and processes to ensure health and safety of the workers and other persons who are not workers within the workplace such as the customers. They failed to make sure that maneuvering the loaded stock trolleys can be safely operated while public were present within the workplace (Haimes 2015). Further, the employees were not provided with adequate training or instructions with respect to the loading and maneuvering of the stock trolleys throughout the store. The organization lacked proper assessment and measurement procedures as well, which must be present to assess and review the performance of the workers. Consequently, in the absence of such adequate measurement and assessment procedures, the organization failed to review whether the stock trolleys were operating safely without giving rise to any risk of harm that may be caused to any worker or any other person within the workplace (Lam 2014). The trolleys were being overloaded with stocks to the extent that it was blocking the front view of the operator. It was due to the overloading of the trolley that had resulted in the incident where Mrs. Harvey was injured. Consultation is a two-way process between the management and the workers where they communicate with the each other regarding any issues that they face within the organization. The workers usually communicate about the issues that they face within the organization and the employers or the health and Safety representative consult with the employees about their concerns and the procedures or processes that should be used to address such issues. According to section 47 of the WHS Act, the Person controlling business undertaking (PCBU) must consult the workers who are entitled to carry out work for the PCBU and are likely to have direct impact of any matter with respect to health and safety in workplace. The procedures of consultation that has been agreed by the workers for consultation, the consultation shall be done in accordance with such procedures. Section 48 of the WHS Act states the nature of consultation to be given to the workers. The workers must be provided with information that is relevant to the health and safety of the workplace, the workers are given adequate opportunity to raise any issues or express their views with respect to any health, and safety related matter within the workplace. This is an effective consultation procedure for any organization as it enables the employees to take active participation in the decision-making process of the organization. This consultation procedure is also effective because it also permits the employers to consider the views of the workers and they are provided with advice regarding the consequence of the consultation within due time. Section 48(2) of the WHS Act states that if the health and safety representative consults with the workers, they must do so while identifying the hazards. They may be consulted while proposing changes that may affect the WHS workers. In the given scenario, the most suited form of consultation procedure would have been the consultation process involving Health and Safety Representative. This procedure would have been effective in the absence of the adequate training of the employees or the other workers. The Health and safety representative would have discussed about the risks and the hazards that may arise from the stock trolleys while the workers use them when there is public within the workplace (Glendon, Clarke and McKenna 2016). The representatives would have informed them about any changes proposed to minimize such risks and ensured their health and safety. The operator would have been provided with information that the trolley should not be overloaded to block the sight of the operator. Further, the organization did not monitor the trolleys and neither assesses the risk of harm that may arise from overloading of the trolleys and using them while there are public within the workplace. Identification of risk Assessment of risk Control of Risk overloading of trolleys Blocked the line of sight of the operator Proper training and clear signs for not overloading the trolley and maneuvering of trolleys in public areas Trolley used while customers were present in the store Risk of injury likely to be caused to the customers as was caused to the customers Installation of warning signs or setting up of entry permits to operate within the work systems No policies and procedures for stock handling The operators dealing with stock handling would be cause injuries to the customers Effective policies and procedures with respect to such stock handling should be present within the workplace Table 1: Risk Assessment (Source: created by author) As per regulation 34 of the Work Health and Safety Regulations 2012 (SA), it was important to identify the hazards that was present within the workplace of Harris Scarfe Australia, and it is important to assess such risks to evaluate an effective risk control with a view to minimize or eliminate the risk. However, the organization admitted that there were no policies and procedures within the organization and risk assessment of the hazards were not conducted which prevented the company from identifying the risk of overloading and the maneuvering of the truck when there were public on the floor. Section 36 of the Regulation states that the assessed risks may be controlled either by eliminating, substituting, isolating, engineering, using of administrative and personal protective equipment. Under the circumstances of the case, the most appropriate way of controlling the risk arising from the use of stock trolleys is the use of administrative control measures, which includes the following measures: setting up of entry permits for the operation of the trolleys be it loading of stocks or maneuvering of the trolleys, that is, they should be used before the customers arrive at the store; warnings or signs that would infirm the customers and other workers as well about the maneuvering of the trolleys in case it is necessary to be operated while the customers are on the store floor; adequate training should have been provided to the operators of the trolleys regarding the loading and maneuvering the trolleys while there is public in the store. Pre-start checks should be commenced before operating the trolley system. If these measures are implemented effectively in the organization, it is expected that similar incidents shall not take place within the organization in the future. The company should include risk register for recording risks and action planning which would enable the management to monitor and review whether the control measures are being used with due diligence to prevent any injury within the workplace. Further, workplace inspection, internal audit should be conducted to ensure the control tools are being implemented effectively. Furthermore, consultation with the employees by the Health and safety representatives would enhance communication with the employees; besides, monitoring of hazard reports shall also enable the organization to monitor and review the compliance of the organization with the WHS legislation in ensuring health and safety of the employees. From the case, it can be inferred that effective policy, commitments and adequate training of employees with respect to operation of any systems and machines within the organization is mandatory. Similarly, it is equally important for any organization to conduct risk assessments to identify the hazards and devise appropriate control and monitoring measures to ensure compliance of the organization with such policies and procedures to ensure health and safety within the organizational workplace. While ensuring safety and health, it is imperative to take into consideration the following relevant matters, which are as follows: the risk or hazard that is likely to take place within the workplace; the extent of harm that might result from such risk or harm; the knowledge possessed by any concerned person regarding the risks or the hazard and ways of eliminating or reducing such hazard or risks; Reference List Barnett v Harris Scarfe Australia Pty Ltd [2007] SAIRC 54 Baum, F., 2016.The new public health(No. Ed. 4). Oxford University Press. Chmiel, N., Fraccaroli, F. and Sverke, M. eds., 2017.An Introduction to Work and Organizational Psychology: An International Perspective. John Wiley Sons. Cooper, C.L. and Quick, J.C. eds., 2017.The Handbook of Stress and Health: A Guide to Research and Practice. John Wiley Sons. Glendon, A.I., Clarke, S. and McKenna, E., 2016.Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Haimes, Y.Y., 2015.Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons. Jeston, J. and Nelis, J., 2014.Business process management. Routledge. Lam, J., 2014.Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. Lao, J., Hansen, A., Nitschke, M., Hanson-Easey, S. and Pisaniello, D., 2016. Working smart: an exploration of council workers experiences and perceptions of heat in Adelaide, South Australia.Safety science,82, pp.228-235. Quinlan, M., Bohle, P. and Rawlings-Way, O., 2015. Health and safety of homecare workers engaged by temporary employment agencies.Journal of Industrial Relations,57(1), pp.94-114. Sekendiz, B., Gray, S. E., Norton, K., Keyzer, P., Dietrich, J., Eickhoff-Shemek, J. M., Finch, C. (2016). Safety alert for treadmills in health fitness facilities in Australia: Results from a pilot study of an observational audit tool.Journal of Fitness Research,5(1), 24. Shea, T., De Cieri, H., Donohue, R., Cooper, B. and Sheehan, C., 2016. Leading indicators of occupational health and safety: An employee and workplace level validation study.Safety science,85, pp.293-304. The Work and Health Safety Act 2012 (SA) The Work and Health Safety Regulations (SA) Xiang, J., Bi, P., Pisaniello, D. and Hansen, A., 2014. The impact of heatwaves on workers? health and safety in Adelaide, South Australia.Environmental research,133, pp.90-95.

Research Paper on Risks of Cosmetic Surgery Essay Example

Research Paper on Risks of Cosmetic Surgery Paper Cosmetic Surgery Research Paper Cosmetic surgery refers to a branch of plastic surgery that is bent on improving the anesthetic beauty of a person. It is used to remove scars resulting from health complications, accidents or to build one’s esteem. This is mostly practiced by celebrities who feel a part of their body is not as appealing as it should be. It can involve tummy tucking, eyelids lift, facelift and breast size adjustment. Statistics show that more than seven million cosmetic surgeries are conducted in the world every year. Of these, ten percent of the surgeries are done on women. Previously this service was only available for the rich but with the presently anyone can have the operation conducted on them. Though cosmetic surgery has worked successfully for some, the practice should be avoided altogether. The risks involved with it are numerous, and the physical body attributes for which it attempts to solve can be solved through alternative methods (Sherwood, 2011). Every surgical procedure has its side effects, and apparently cosmetic surgery is no exception. Whenever a person agrees to such a procedure, they become liable to some mild or critical complications. Nausea and vomiting is often the most likely side effect of this procedure. It is caused by the anesthesia used on any patient who undergoes a surgery. Though doctors have recently come up with some localized anesthesia that cuts down the effect sizably, the duration and extent varies as per individual. For some, the effect can be too irritating and destabilizing. Secondly, the surgery results in blood clots. This is also common to any surgical procedure. When a section of the body remains immobile for a considerable period especially when recovering from surgery, the blood begins to collect and eventually forms a clot. Exercise is encouraged to help the clot break up and avoid any complications. However, after the surgery chances are one will only be willing to rest, and th is may cause the clot not to break up. If this happens and the clot dislodges itself, travels through the blood to reach the heart or the brain, the resultant effect is a heart attack or stroke (Cowboy, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Risks of Cosmetic Surgery specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Risks of Cosmetic Surgery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Risks of Cosmetic Surgery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Complications of suture used are another common side effect. This is a problem that can result from how the sutures were done by the surgeon in charge. If the sutures are loose, they can cause internal bleeding. A lot of blood can be lost through an undetected hemorrhage. When finally detected, a surgical procedure may be necessary to repair any damaged parts. Infection of the surgical area during or after the surgery is also possible. This infection could be caused by micro organisms that get into contact with the surgical area delaying the healing period of the wound. In critical situations, the infection can result in death particularly if not detected in time. The last side effect of this procedure is the due to the use of anesthesia. This drug causes the blockage of airways by prompting irritation in them. The vocals spasm as a result of irritation and subsequently lead to blockage of the lungs. If this happens, an anesthesiologist may have to create an opening in o nes windpipe as an alternative breathing location. In rare cases, it can also trigger allergic reactions and result that may result in death of the patient. These side effects and risks should only be faced when an alternative option would only lead to death. However, cosmetic surgery is only done for beauty and these risks that include death are not worth it. One would rather live with a bulbous nose rather than, die in the process of changing it (Alagna, 2002). Celebrities act as the greatest influence when it comes to cosmetic surgery. They are the greatest customers of cosmetic surgery companies. The procedures are expensive, but this cannot limit them as they have plenty of money to spend. Examples of celebrities who have undergone cosmetic surgery include Tara Reid who had a tummy tuck; Michael Jackson who had a complete plastic surgery and Kenny Rogers who had an eyelid lift. Many people tend to get cosmetic surgeries because celebrities have done it and come out looking beautiful. However, they do not consider the qualifications of the surgeon who did the surgery. In cosmetic surgery, the qualifications of the surgeon are vital since the process is delicate. Moreover, qualified surgeons come at a price, and unless the necessary funds are available, something could go wrong. According to statistics carried out to determine the influence of celebrities, Angelina Jolie and Brad Pit remain the greatest influence. Every person who goes in search of a part change chooses that of a celebrity. Many women alter their lips to resemble those of Angelina Jolie or Julia Roberts. Those in need of an adjustment of their buttocks prefer those of musician Jennifer Lopez. So long as these celebrities have attractive body parts, women in particular will do anything to have such. However, before enlisting for cosmetic surgery one should examine the effects of surgeries gone wrong. For instance, in search of a beautiful tummy, Tara Reid ended up with a tummy forty years older than her other body parts. The most disastrous was that of Jocelyn Wildenstein whose facial cosmetic resulted in an unusually ugly and scary look. Michael Jackson’s plastic look was much worse than his initial look. Besides, Michael had to undergo a series of surgeries to keep his looks in a shape. This he would not have had to do had he retained his initial look. In another instance, a woman was unable to smile or sleep after a facelift failed to work out as planned. These are only some of the examples of surgeries gone badly. Statistics indicate that, for every hundred cosmetic surgeries conducted, fifteen will not result in the expectations of the person. It is no surprise that some celebrities go for the cosmetic surgery for the same body part more than thrice (Sher wood, 2011). From the side effects associated with cosmetic surgery to the possible undesirable effects, undergoing the surgery is unnecessary. One would rather accept themselves as they are than face the psychological depression that will result from the reconstruction of the body parts. Besides, the side effects of surgery are unnecessary unless completely unavoidable. The heavy sums of cash used to secure these surgeries should be used for other forms of entertainment with lesser risks.